how to cite gina guidelines

Use of Global initiative for asthma (GINA) guidelines in asthma management among paediatric residents in a Sub Saharan African country: a cross-sectional descriptive study. (2019). Well-controlled asthma involves daytime symptoms or as-needed medication use twice a week or less, no activity limitation, and no waking with symptoms. Pagana, K. D., Pagana, T. J., & Pagana, T. N. (2019). The GINA . Short term use of oral corticosteroids and related harms among adults in the United States: population based cohort study. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines. However, the article PDFs show the year as the volume number, an issue number, and an article number. What is GINA assessment? The first change is the switch from SABA-only treatment to ICS-containing treatment for as-needed treatment of symptoms in mild asthma.4 The second change is the use of add-on low-dose azithromycin three times per week for long-term treatment of patients with symptomatic asthma despite moderate-dose or high-dose ICS-LABA treatment; however, potential adverse events should be considered.17, The third change is the recommendation for dupilumab, an antiinterleukin-4 receptor alpha monoclonal antibody, as an additional treatment option for patients aged 12 years and older with severe type 2 asthma or OCS-dependent asthma.19 A trial by Wenzel and colleagues demonstrated that dupilumab increased lung function and reduced severe exacerbations in patients with uncontrolled persistent asthma.20, The fourth change is to include high-dose ICS-LABA treatment only in step 5, whereas previously it had been included in step 4 with moderate-dose ICS-LABA; this is because of the recommendation that high-dose ICS should be prescribed for only a few months based on the consideration of associated adverse events.17 The fifth change is the switch of maintenance OCS from a preferred treatment option to other controller option in step 5, based on the high risk of adverse outcomes.19. GINA 2020 specifies which step of management is to be followed according to the patient's symptoms in an easy flowchart. Ridgefield, CT: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc; March 2019.16. For example, a full reference will look like: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2017) Air pollution: outdoor air quality and health. General Guidelines for Writing a Paper: APA Style All sources of information and data, whether quoted directly or paraphrased, are cited with parenthetical references in the text of your paper . The .gov means its official. Adverse effects and the risk of antibiotic resistance should be taken into account when considering these treatments. GUIDELINES & REPORTS The GINA global strategy for asthma management and prevention is presented in its strategy documents, which are freely available on the GINA Website. 4) any activity limitations due to asthma? If the patient answers No to all four questions, his or her asthma is well controlled. eCollection 2017. Asthma. To comment on this article, contact [email protected]. In children six to 11 years of age, either a medium-dose ICS or a low-dose ICS/LABA combination should be used as a controller, with a SABA as needed. All Rights Reserved. Said ASA, Hussain N, Kharaba Z, Al Haddad AHI, Abdelaty LN, Hussein RRS. Before These patients are considered to have severe or difficult-to-treat asthma and should be referred to a pulmonologist. (2019). For adult patients who have persistent asthma symptoms despite moderate-dose or high-dose ICS and LABA, the 2019 GINA guidelines recommend azithromycin as an add-on.17, If nonbiologics such as LABA, tiotropium, and leukotriene modifiers fail to manage a patients asthma symptoms, then biologics may be considered depending on the price and the patients resources. Would you like email updates of new search results? However, in the first text citation, indicate the version of the classic work you used. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Moderate: Asthma is well controlled with step 3 treatment. Vallerand, A. H., & Sanoski, C. A. E.g. This content is owned by the AAFP. If you are citing an updated guideline, use the year of the update in the reference. Your Bibliography: Drugs.com. When the app includes an edition number (as with the example), place the edition information in parentheses without italics after the title. GINA 2020 specifies which step of management is to be followed according to the patient . 2015 Jan;21(1):1-7. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000125. 3). Foster JM, McDonald VM, M Guo, Reddel HK. GINA recommends the following asthma-treatment steps2: Step 1: This step is advised for patients with mild asthma who have symptoms less than twice per month and no risk of exacerbations. 2018;378(20):1877-1887.6. How to cite various Panel Guidelines documents on Clinicalinfo (and mobile app) including Pediatric, Perinatal, Opportunistic Infections, Adult and Adolescent. Controller therapy should be shifted to once-daily administration if symptoms are not controlled with as-needed therapy, minimizing the ICS dose when possible. Copyright 2020 by the American Academy of Family Physicians. OByrne PM, FitzGerald JM, Bateman ED, et al. Accessed April 8, 2020.2. Provide the year of the version used in the date element of the reference. This page contains reference examples for clinical practice for nurses, including the following: Bordeaux, B., & Lieberman, H. R. (2020). When the References entry includes a URL that must be divided between two lines, break itBEFORE a slash or dash or at another logical division point. Santino TA, Chaves GS, Freitas DA, et al. GINA recommends the continuation of medications, avoidance of nebulization and spirometry, and ensuring a written asthma action plan in COVID-19 times. 2016;388(10039):31-44. (2009). 2020 Jan;19(1):e13073. Most clinical practice guidelines are published as reports or webpages and so follow the report or webpage reference type, which have the same structure. In adults with characteristic symptoms, an increase or decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of greater than 12% and 200 mL from baseline or a change in peak expiratory flow of at least 20% is consistent with asthma. If you must add or slightly change words within a quotation for reasons of grammar or clarity, indicate the change with square brackets. Provide the author of the app in the author element of the reference. Participants were divided into two groups to assess whether as-needed budesonide-formoterol or budesonide maintenance therapy twice daily had better efficacy with regard to annual rates of severe exacerbations. Taill C, Chenivesse C, Devouassoux G, Bourdin A, Garcia G; G2A Groupe Asthme et Allergie; French Language Respiratory Society SPLF Socit de Pneumologie de Langue Francaise. The words as cited in in the parenthetical reference indicate you have not read the original research. World No Tobacco Day 2022. Ridgefield, CT: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc; February 2018.15. FAQs on the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act. 1. As-needed budesonide-formoterol was superior in terms of asthma-symptom control compared with as-needed terbutaline in patients with mild asthma. Website Anon 2017 In-text: (2017) Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Provide the name of the website from which the guideline was obtained in the source element of the reference. Chikaodinaka Ayuk A, Ubesie A, Laura Odimegwu C, Iloh K. Pan Afr Med J. The Global Initiative on Asthma (GINA) was launched in 1995 as a collaborative effort between the NHLBI and the World Health Organization (WHO). Wilmington, DE: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; January 2017.7. If you downloaded the app from the App Store instead, use App Store instead of F. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The potential harms of guidelines can be minimized if they are rigorously developed using evidence-based medicine. GINA recommends the continuation of medications, avoidance of nebulization and spirometry, and ensuring a written asthma action plan in COVID-19 times. Provide the name of the website from which the drug information was obtained in the source element of the reference. If the website name is the same as the author, omit the site name to avoid repetition. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). Lancet. [online] Available at: [Accessed 7 January 2017]. Keywords: When a guideline has individual authors, provide the names in the author element of the reference. 2010;126(4):681-687.8. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/rr/pdfs/rr6703a1-H.pdf, Sandoz. Remember that [q]uotations are effective in research papers when used selectively (Gibaldi, 2003, p. 109). A person viewing it online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference. Provide the year in which the guideline was developed in the date element of the reference. Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization PracticesUnited States, 201819 influenza season (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. The guideline also strongly discourages the use of long-acting bronchodilators without an ICS because of increased risk of exacerbation. Low dose inhaled budesonide and formoterol in mild persistent asthma: the OPTIMA randomized trial. Clinicians need to be aware of the changes and the evidence behind them. Guidance for Non-HIV-Specialized Providers Caring for Persons with HIV Who Have Been Displaced by . South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; May 2019.17. These additional treatments include high-dose ICS/LABA, tiotropium (Spiriva), azithromycin (Zithromax), anti-immunoglobulin E, anti-interleukin-5/5R, anti-interleukin-4R alpha, sputum-guided treatment, bronchial thermoplasty, and low-dose oral corticosteroids. When the title page or cover credits only an agency, provide the agency name in the author element of the reference. UpToDate. Provide the title of the guideline in italic sentence case. The term asthma exacerbation refers to the acute worsening of lung function and symptoms beyond what the patient usually experiences. After the title, provide the name of the series (here, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report) and volume and issue number for the report in parentheses after the title. 8600 Rockville Pike An exacerbation is an acute episode in which symptoms worsen drastically and lung function progressively declines. 2022 Apr;11(4):1395-1400. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1210_21. The 2020 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee Expert Panel Working Group (NAEPP [2020 Focused Asthma Update]) guidelines and the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2021 strategy report are compared in this Rostrum article. Drugs Today (Barc). Breathing in science to eliminate TB. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma have been available for the past 13 years and are updated regularly. (2019). The Global Initiative for Asthma 2019 guidelines provide recommendations for asthma treatment organized into five steps that correlate with disease severity. Your Bibliography: Who.int. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co, Inc; April 2020.11. 2017. Managing Asthma Exacerbations in the Emergency Department: Managing Asthma Exacerbations in the Emergency Department: Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society: Vol 6, No 4. Flovent HFA (fluticasone) package insert. The addition of sublingual allergen immunotherapy may be considered in adults with allergic rhinitis and suboptimally controlled asthma despite ICS therapy. Xolair (omalizumab) package insert. The content contained in this article is for informational purposes only. Rayos (prednisone) package insert. Your Genetic Information and Your Health Plan - Know the Protections Against Discrimination. An official website of the United States government. Even if you put information in your own words by summarizing or paraphrasing, you must cite the original author or researcher and the date of publication. After initial assessment, patients aged 12 years and older with inadequately controlled asthma who are taking a medium-dose ICS plus a LABA and/or a third controller, such as LTRA or sustained-release theophylline, are switched to a trial of a high-dose ICS for 3 to 6 months. Your Bibliography: Global Initiative For Asthma. [Do not include Fong (1987) in your References; do include Bertram (1996).]. There are a multitude of reasons that a patient may not be adherent to asthma medication, including difficulty using inhaler devices, medication cost, forgetfulness, failure to understand the prescribed directions, and perception that the medication is not necessary.2, Goals of therapy for asthma include achieving control of symptoms to maintain normal activity levels, preventing persistent airflow limitation, and reducing adverse effects of the medications discussed in TABLE 1. Identification of potential biomarkers and immune infiltration characteristics in severe asthma. An inhaled low-dose ICS/formoterol combination used as needed is the preferred treatment in adults and adolescents. The full-text version displays when you visit the DOI of the article. GINA recommends that a SABA not be prescribed as sole therapy because short-acting medications increase the risk of severe exacerbations and death. How can I prevent antibiotic-resistant infections? 2001;164(8):1392-1397.19. All sources of information and data, whether quoted directly or paraphrased, are cited with parenthetical references in the text of your paper . Avicenna J Phytomed. Include a retrieval date because the content is designed to change over time and versions of the page are not archived. Bateman and colleagues researched the effectiveness of an inhaled glucocorticoid component with a fast-acting reliever for mild asthma.5 This 52-week, double-blind, multicenter trial included 4,215 patients with mild asthma aged 12 years and older who were eligible for treatment with regular inhaled glucocorticoids. Step 1 options are for those with symptoms less than twice per month and no risk factors for exacerbations (Table 1). The ICS-formoterol regimen avoids the need for daily ICS while providing similar benefits for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction as daily ICS with as-needed SABA. Step 3: Preferred controller treatments include a low-dose ICSlong-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) plus as-needed SABA or low-dose ICS-formoterol for both maintenance and reliever therapy. Step 4: The preferred controller treatment is low-dose ICS-formoterol as maintenance and reliever therapy or medium-dose ICS-LABA as maintenance plus as-needed SABA. The ICS-formoterol combination inhaler is the preferred as-needed reliever therapy regardless of asthma severity. [online] Available at: [Accessed 2 December 2016]. A collection of Practice Guidelines published in AFP is available at https://www.aafp.org/afp/practguide. Asthma is a serious global health problem. Medication options include inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), long-acting beta2 agonists, short-acting beta2 agonists (SABAs), leukotriene receptor antagonists, and oral corticosteroids. Fact Sheet. Available at:https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng70(Accessed: day month year). Sometimes an author writes about research that someone else has done, but you are unable to track down the original research report. Symbicort (budesonide-formoterol) package insert. (2018). NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. Hypertension in adults: Diagnosis and management (NICE Guideline NG136). This article summarizes key recommendations from GINA 2021, and the evidence underpinning recent changes. Bookshelf Asthma control denotes the extent to which asthma features can be observed in the patient or have been reduced or eliminated by treatment.2 Asthma control should be reviewed over the previous 4 weeks. Amoxicillin. Leukotriene receptor antagonists are less effective but can be considered for patients who are unable or unwilling to use an ICS or who have concomitant allergic rhinitis. PMC Lancet. MeSH This outcome was measured via data obtained from an electronic symptom diary. Start the Reference list on a new page and include the word "References" in uppercase and lowercase centered. (Version 1.31) [Mobile app]. Related harms among adults in the first text citation, indicate the change with square brackets on this article contact. Med J 19 ( 1 ):1-7. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000125 daily ICS while similar! Of lung function progressively declines and should be shifted to once-daily administration if symptoms are not with... 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Progressively declines dose inhaled budesonide and formoterol in mild persistent asthma: the OPTIMA trial. Management of asthma severity Abdelaty LN, Hussein RRS ) in your References ; Do Bertram! Potential biomarkers and immune infiltration characteristics in severe asthma M Guo, Reddel HK wilmington, DE: Pharmaceuticals... ). ] ; January 2017.7 combination inhaler is the preferred controller treatment is low-dose ICS-formoterol as maintenance and therapy! Obyrne PM, FitzGerald JM, Bateman ED, et al the Protections Against Discrimination long-acting bronchodilators without an because.